Real encryption
AES-256 (password-based)
Industry-standard AES-GCM with a key derived from your password via PBKDF2.
This is the only option on this page suitable for text you genuinely need to
protect. Forgetting the password means the ciphertext is unrecoverable — there
is no back door.
Use for real secrets
Encoding
Base64 & Hex
These reshape text into a different alphabet so it survives being pasted into
places that dislike raw bytes, such as URLs, JSON or email. Anyone can decode
them instantly with no key at all.
Not secrecy
Token
JWT (HS256)
A JWT is a signed, Base64URL-encoded JSON payload — not encrypted. Anyone can
read the header and claims without a key; the secret only proves the token
wasn't tampered with. Encode signs a JSON payload with a secret; Decode reads
any token's claims and, if you supply the same secret, tells you whether the
signature checks out.
Signed, not private
Classical cipher
Caesar & ROT13
A Caesar cipher shifts every letter by a fixed number of places; ROT13 is just
a Caesar cipher fixed at 13. Both are broken by trying 25 shifts by hand, so
treat them as puzzles, not protection.
Learning & puzzles
Classical cipher
XOR & Vigenère
XOR combines your text with a repeating key byte-by-byte; Vigenère does the
same idea with letters. Both are a step up from Caesar but fall quickly to
basic frequency analysis once the key is shorter than the message.
Learning & puzzles
One-way hashing
MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512
A hash turns text into a fixed-length fingerprint that can't be turned back
into the original — there is no "Decrypt" for these. Use them to verify a file
wasn't altered or to check two pieces of text match. MD5 and SHA-1 are fine for
checksums but are not considered secure against a determined attacker; prefer
SHA-256 or SHA-512 where security matters.
Verification, not secrecy